Thứ Bảy, 20 tháng 10, 2018

Thành ngữ - Idioms

Thành ngữ - Idioms/ˈɪdiəm/
Nguyên tắc: Phát triển thành ngữ không giới hạn vởi cả những từ mới có trong các lần phát triển trước.

* Australian Idioms

1. Beat around the bush
When someone takes ages to say something and doesn’t get to the point they have “beaten around the bush”.
E.g. “Sam: I hate your shoes
Max: You certainly don’t beat around the bush do you!”
2. Barking up the wrong tree
This means that you have come to the wrong place for information, or you are asking the wrong person.
E.g. “Caitlin: Hi Ben, when are our applications due for placement?
Ben: I have no idea Caitlin, you’re barking up the wrong tree.”
3. Don’t give up your day job
If you’re not very good at something someone might say “Don’t give up your day job.”, this infers that you’re not good enough at something to do it for a living.
E.g. “You haven’t hit one pin and we’ve been bowling for hours! don’t give up your day job!”
4. Feeling under the weather
This just means that you are feeling sick. If you ask someone why they aren’t at Uni and they say that they are “feeling under the weather” they just mean that they are sick.
5. Big note
To “big note” is to talk yourself up or brag. Someone would “big note” by saying “I got the highest score in the exam. I’m the best”. Big noting is generally frowned upon in Australia and modesty is favored.
6. It takes two to tango
When two people are involved in something, or you are trying to point out that there are two sides to something, you can say “it takes two to tango”.
E.g. “You have to consider the things that you’ve done wrong as well. Remember – It takes two to tango.”
7. Hit the nail on the head
To be right about something or do something efficiently is to “hit the nail on the head”. e.g. “Sam hit the nail on the head when he said we need to split this group assignment into parts”.
8. Missed the boat
If you have “missed the boat” you have missed your chance/opportunity or it is too late to do something. e.g.
“Kate: Tickets for Uni ball have sold out.
Harry: Oh no! Looks like I missed the boat on that one.”
9. Piece of cake
When something is easy it was a “piece of cake”. e.g.
“Lucy: Have you finished your assignment yet?
Ben: Yeah, finished last week – it was a piece of cake!”
10. Sitting on the fence
When you can’t make up your mind about something, or can’t choose a side, you are “sitting on the fence”.
E.g. “I’m on the fence about the new Pitbull album. I can’t decide whether I love it or hate it.”
11. Speak of the devil
You might say this when you’re talking about someone and they come into the room, message you or you see a photo of them. e.g. “(Jill walks into the room) Speak of the devil! I was just telling Mary about your new job Jill.”
12. Wouldn’t be caught dead
If you would never do something or wear something you can say that you “wouldn’t be caught dead” doing or wearing that thing. e.g. “That is the ugliest dress I’ve ever seen. I wouldn’t be caught dead in it!”
13. On the ball
When you’re energetic, organised, attentive and knowledgeable you’re “on the ball”.
E.g. “Emily’s answered so many questions in class today – she’s really on the ball!”
14. Last straw
When you’ve had enough of something you have “had the last straw”.
E.g. “That’s the last straw, I’m not talking to you anymore sally – you’re too rude.”
15. Hit the road
When someone is going to leave they might say that they are going to “hit the road”. even if they are not driving, someone might say this.
E.g “Alright guys, I’m going to hit the road. See you tomorrow.”




* Top các idioms hay dùng nhất:

- As cool as a cucumber/ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r)/: "lạnh lùng như thạch sùng"
- Hold your horses = wait a moment
- Blue in the face : chỉ sự mệt mỏi, yếu ớt sau khi đã làm lụng quá nhiều hoặc quá cố gắng làm gì đó
- A storm in a teacup: ám chỉ một cơn giận dữ của ai đó dù sự việc thực ra không đáng phải cáu giận như thế
- Bob's your uncle "đơn giản như đan rổ"
- head in the clouds "đầu óc để trên mây" để mô tả một người có những suy nghĩ viển vông, phi thực tế
- Heart in your mouth: khi quá sợ hãi, quá hồi hộp hoặc bị sốc đều có cảm giác tim nhảy đi đâu đó
- as dead as a doornail/ˈdɔːneɪl/ : "chết thẳng cẳng" hoặc không dùng được nữa
- a piece of cake: "dễ như ăn kẹo"



- “WITH FRIENDS LIKE THAT, WHO NEEDS ENEMIES/ˈenəmi/!”

(Tạm dịch là: Có một người bạn như mày thì còn ai cần đối thủ làm gì nữa
Nói cách khác: Mày giống như kẻ thù tồi tệ nhất của tao vậy !!!)

Tùy vào những trường hợp cụ thể mà câu nói này mang tính hài hước (humorous) hoặc mang tính nghiêm trọng (serious).

+ Trường hợp mang tính hài hước:
Ví dụ:
Jane: Is my waist/weɪst/ smaller than it was 2 weeks ago? (Mày thấy sau 2 tuần, eo tao nhỏ đi không?)
Susan: It’s bigger (Susan is making a joke) (Nó to hơn thì có.)
Jane: How dare /deə(r)/ you! With friends like that, who needs enemies! (Mày dám nói thế với tao à! Đúng là bạn “tốt” quá mà!)

---> phát triển Idioms với Dare:

---don’t you dare!
(informal) used to tell somebody strongly not to do something
‘I'll tell her about it.’ ‘Don't you dare!’
Don't you dare say anything to anybody.
---how dare you, etc.
used to show that you are angry about something that somebody has done
How dare you talk to me like that?
How dare she imply that I was lying?
---I dare say
(also I dare say especially in British English)
used when you are saying that something is probable/ˈprɒbəbl/
I dare say you know about it already.


+ Trường hợp mang tính nghiêm trọng:
Đôi khi câu này được dung để ám chỉ những người mà bạn tưởng rằng họ là bạn tốt, nhưng thực tế thì họ lại đối xử tệ bạc với bạn.
Ví dụ:

James, who was thought to be my friend, made up a story about me and spread it to all staff in order to blacken my honor. With friends like that, who needs enemies!
(James, người mà tôi từng coi là bạn, đã dựng chuyện về tôi và rêu rao nó cho tất cả các nhân viên để nhằm bôi nhọ danh dự của cá nhân tôi. Anh ấy đúng là một thằng bạn đểu cáng!)


- To rain on your parade/pəˈreɪd/
(North American English, informal) to spoil/spɔɪl/ something for somebody


Một buổi diễu hành ngoài trời (Parade) sẽ bị phá hỏng nếu như cơn mưa (rain) ập đến. Do vậy, chúng ta dùng cụm “to rain on one’s parade” để nói về việc phá hỏng kế hoạch của một ai đó, hay làm cho ai đó không hài lòng.

+ I’m sorry to rain on your parade, but you’re not allowed to have food or drinks in the theater.

Tôi xin lỗi vì đã làm bạn không vui, tuy nhiên bạn không được phép mang đồ ăn và nước uống vào trong rạp.



- GET ONE’S MONEY’S WORTH/wɜːθ/: đáng đồng tiền, bát gạo

Câu này có nghĩa là “bạn nhận lại được giá trị tương xứng với số tiền bạn bỏ ra”.

Mark has been wearing this pair of shoes for years. He really got his money’s worth with it.
(Mark đã đi đôi giày này nhiều năm rồi. Anh ta mua đôi này thật đáng đồng tiền bát gạo.)

---> phát triển Idioms với Worth:
a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
(saying) it is better to keep something that you already have than to risk losing it by trying to get much more
for all somebody/it is worth
with great energy, effort and determination
He was rowing for all he was worth.
in order to get as much as you can from somebody/something
She is milking her success for all it's worth.
for what it’s worth
(informal) used to emphasize that what you are saying is only your own opinion or suggestion and may not be very helpful
I prefer this colour, for what it's worth.
more than your job’s worth (to do something)
(British English, informal) not worth doing because it is against the rules or because it might cause you to lose your job
It's more than my job's worth to let you in without a ticket.
see also jobsworth
(the game is) not worth the candle
(old-fashioned, saying) the advantages to be gained from doing something are not great enough, considering the effort or cost involved
If the price goes up again, he may decide that the game’s not worth the candle.
not worth the paper it’s written/printed on
(of an agreement or official document) having no value, especially legally, or because one of the people involved has no intention of doing what they said they would
worth your/its salt
deserving respect, especially because you do your job well
Any teacher worth her salt knows that.
worth your/its weight in gold
very useful or valuable
A good mechanic is worth his weight in gold.
worth somebody’s while
interesting or useful for somebody to do
It will be worth your while to come to the meeting.
He'll do the job if you make it worth his while (= pay him well).



- FOR HEAVEN’S/ˈhevn/ SAKE/seɪk/: Ơn Trời! / Lạy Trời.

Câu này dùng để diễn tả cảm giác ngạc nhiên hay bị sốc khi bạn nghe được điều gì đó.

For heaven’s sake, pull yourself together!
(Trời ơi! Anh cần phải bình tĩnh lại đi!)

---> phát triển Idioms với Sake:
for Christ’s, God’s, goodness’, heaven’s, pity’s, etc. sake
used to emphasize that it is important to do something or when you are annoyed about something
Do be careful, for goodness' sake.
Oh, for heaven's sake!
For pity's sake, help me!
Some people find the use of Christ, God or heaven here offensive.
for old times’ sake
if you do something for old times’ sake, you do it because it is connected with something good that happened to you in the past
for something’s sake
because of the interest or value something has, not because of the advantages it may bring
I believe in education for its own sake.
art for art’s sake
for the sake of somebody/something, for somebody’s/something’s sake
in order to help somebody/something or because you like somebody/something
They stayed together for the sake of the children.
You can do it. Please, for my sake.
I hope you're right, for all our sakes (= because this is important for all of us).
for the sake of something/of doing something
in order to get or keep something
The translation sacrifices naturalness for the sake of accuracy.
She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.
Don't get married just for the sake of it.
Let's suppose, for the sake of argument (= in order to have a discussion), that interest rates went up by 2%.



- Tay làm hàm nhai, tay quai miệng trễ –> No bees/biː/, no honey, no work, no money.

---> phát triển Idioms với Bee:
as busy as a bee
very busy
the bee’s knees
(informal) an excellent person or thing
She thinks she's the bee's knees (= she has a very high opinion of herself).
the birds and the bees
(humorous) the basic facts about sex, especially as told to children
have a bee in your bonnet (about something)
(informal) to think or talk about something all the time and to think that it is very important
Our teacher has a bee in his bonnet about punctuation.


2. Chậm mà chắc –> Slow /sləʊ/ but sure.
---> phát triển Idioms với Slow:
be quick/slow on the uptake
(informal) to be quick/slow to understand something
Is he always this slow on the uptake?
do a slow burn
(North American English, informal) to slowly get angry
See related entries: Anger
quick/slow off the mark
fast/slow in reacting to a situation
If you’re quick off the mark in answering these questions, you could win a prize.

3. Cầu được ước thấy –> Talk of the devil/ˈdevl/ and he is sure to appear.

---> phát triển Idioms với Devil:
be a devil
(British English) people say Be a devil!to encourage somebody to do something that they are not sure about doing
Go on, be a devil, buy both of them.
better the devil you know (than the devil you don’t)
(saying) used to say that it is easier and wiser to stay in a bad situation that you know and can deal with rather than change to a new situation which may be much worse
between the devil and the deep blue sea
in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant or unacceptable choices
the devil
(old-fashioned) very difficult or unpleasant
These berries are the devil to pick because they're so small.
the devil looks after his own
(saying) bad people often seem to have good luck
the devil makes work for idle hands
(saying) people who do not have enough to do often start to do wrong
She blamed the crimes on the local jobless teenagers. ‘The devil makes work for idle hands,’ she would say.
a devil of a job/time
(old-fashioned) a very difficult or unpleasant job or time
I've had a devil of a job finding you.
the devil/hell to pay
(informal) a lot of trouble
There'll be hell to pay when he finds out.
go to the devil!
(old-fashioned, informal) used, in an unfriendly way, to tell somebody to go away
like the devil
(old-fashioned, informal) very hard, fast, etc.
We ran like the devil.
sell your soul (to the devil)
to do anything, even something bad or dishonest, in return for money, success or power
speak/talk of the devil
(informal) people say speak/talk of the devil when somebody they have been talking about appears unexpectedly
Well, speak of the devil—here's Alice now!
what, where, who, why, etc. the devil…
(old-fashioned) used in questions to show that you are annoyed or surprised
What the devil do you think you're doing?


4. Muộn còn hơn không –> Better late than/ðən-strong form ðæn/ never.
---> phát triển Idioms với than:
other than(usually used in negative sentences)
 meaning: except
I don't know any French people other than you.
We're going away in June but other than that I'll be here all summer.
(formal) different or in a different way from; not
I have never known him to behave other than selfishly


5. Câm như hến –> As dumb/dʌm/ as an oyster/ˈɔɪstə(r).
---> phát triển Idioms với oyster:
the world is your oyster
there is no limit to the opportunities open to you
With talent/ˈtælənt/like that, the world is her oyster.


6. Tắt đèn nhà ngói cũng như nhà tranh –> When candles are out, all cats are grey.
---> phát triển Idioms với candle:
burn the candle at both ends
to become very tired by trying to do too many things and going to bed late and getting up early
cannot hold a candle to somebody/something
is not as good as somebody or something else
His singing can't hold a candle to Bocelli's.
(the game is) not worth the candle
(old-fashioned, saying) the advantages to be gained from doing something are not great enough, considering the effort or cost involved
If the price goes up again, he may decide that the game’s not worth the candle.

7. Thừa sống thiếu chết –> More dead than alive/əˈlaɪv/.
---> phát triển Idioms với alive:
alive and kicking
very active, healthy or popular
See related entries: Good health
bring something alive
to make something interesting
The pictures bring the book alive.
The teacher brought history alive with fascinating stories.
come alive
(of a subject or an event) to become interesting and exciting
synonym come to life
The game came alive in the second half.
New political issues suddenly came alive after the election.
See related entries: Excitement
(of a place) to become busy and full of activity
synonym come to life
The city starts to come alive after dark.
The fishing villages come alive in spring.
(of a person) to show interest in something and become excited about it
She came alive as she talked about her job.
eat somebody alive(informal)
to criticize or punish somebody severely because you are extremely angry with them
He’ll eat you alive if he ever finds out.
See related entries: Anger
to defeat somebody completely in an argument, a competition, etc.
The defence lawyers are going to eat you alive tomorrow.
[usually passive] (of insects, etc.) to bite somebody many times
I was being eaten alive by mosquitoes.


8. Ngủ say như chết –> Sleep like a log/lɒɡ// top.
---> phát triển Idioms với log:
as easy as anything/as pie/as ABC/as falling off a log
(informal) very easy or very easily
Fooling him was as easy as falling off a log.
sleep like a log/baby
(informal) to sleep very well


9. Nhắm mắt làm ngơ –> To close one’s eyes to smt.

1. A hot potato:
Speak of an issue (mostly current) which many people are talking about and which is usually disputed Nói về một chủ đề đang là tâm điểm của các cuộc nói chuyện và đó là chủ đề dễ gây tranh cãi.
2. A penny for your thoughts:
A way of asking what someone is thinking Dùng để hỏi xem người khác đang nghĩ gì, nhất là khi người đó đã giữ im lặng trong một khoảng thời gian
3. Actions speak louder than words
People’s intentions can be judged better by what they do than what they say Nói thì dễ làm mới khó. Một người được đánh giá cao hơn bởi những gì họ làm, thay vì những gì họ nói
4. Add insult to injury
To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an unfavorable situation Thêm dầu vào lửa. Xoáy sâu vào sự mất mát của ai đó, làm trầm trọng thêm một tình huống nào đó bằng những câu mỉa mai, chế nhạo
5. An arm and a leg
Very expensive or costly. A large amount of money. Đắt như vàng. Cực kỳ đắt đỏ, tiêu tốn một lượng tiền lớn
6. At the drop of a hat
Meaning: without any hesitation; instantly. Không ngần ngại, ngay lập tức
7. Back to the drawing board
When an attempt fails and it’s time to start all over. Khi một nỗ lực đã thất bại và nay là lúc để bắt đầu lại từ đầu
8. Ball is in your court
It is up to you to make the next decision or step Điều này hoàn toàn phụ thuộc vào bạn trong quyết định tiếp theo hay bước đi sắp tới
9. Barking up the wrong tree
Looking in the wrong place. Accusing the wrong person Nhắm vào nhầm nơi, buộc tội nhầm người
10. Be glad to see the back of
Be happy when a person leaves. Vui vẻ khi thấy ai đó rời đi
11. Beat around the bush
Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue. Né tránh chủ đề chính, tránh nói trực tiếp vào vấn đề
12. Best of both worlds
Meaning: All the advantages. Tất cả các lợi thế
13. Best thing since sliced bread
A good invention or innovation. A good idea or plan. Một phát minh hoặc cải tiến mới, một ý tưởng tốt
14. Bite off more than you can chew
To take on a task that is way to big. Nhận một nhiệm vụ quá tầm
15. Blessing in disguise
Something good that isn’t recognized at first. Điều hay không dễ dàng nhận ra ngay từ đầu
16. Burn the midnight oil
To work late into the night, alluding to the time before electric lighting. Làm việc muộn buổi đêm
17. Can’t judge a book by its cover
Cannot judge something primarily on appearance. Không thể đánh giá quyển sách thông qua cái bìa
18. Caught between two stools
When someone finds it difficult to choose between two alternatives. Đứng giữa nga ba đường. Tình huống khó khăn khi phải lựa chọn giữa hai thứ
19. Costs an arm and a leg
This idiom is used when something is very expensive. Đắt như vàng
20. Cross that bridge when you come to it
Deal with a problem if and when it becomes necessary, not before. Hãy đối mặt với vấn đề nếu và khi nó đến, không phải trước đó
21. Cry over spilt milk
When you complain about a loss from the past. Dùng khi phàn nàn về một “sự đã rồi”, hay một mất mát, lỗi lầm trong quá khứ
22. Curiosity killed the cat
Being Inquisitive can lead you into an unpleasant situation. Quá tò mò có thể dẫn đến nguy hiểm
23. Cut corners
When something is done badly to save money. Làm qua quýt để tiết kiệm tiền bạc
24. Cut the mustard/ cut the muster
To succeed; to come up to expectations; adequate enough to compete or participate Thành công, đáp ứng kỳ vọng
25. Devil’s Advocate
A person who expresses a contentious opinion in order to provoke debate or test the strength of the opposing arguments. Một người luôn đưa ra những ý kiến gây tranh cãi để kích động cuộc tranh luận hay thử thách khả năng tranh luận của đối phương
26. Don’t count your chickens before the eggs have hatched
“Don’t make plans for something that might not happen”. Đừng đếm cua trong lỗ
27. Don’t give up the day job
used as a humorous way of advising someone not to pursue something at which they are unlikely to be successful. Dùng để khuyên ai đó đừng đuổi theo cái gì vì có vẻ sẽ không thành công
28. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket
Do not put all your resources in one possibility. Đừng bỏ hết trứng vào một giỏ
29. Drastic times call for drastic measures
When you are extremely desperate you need to take drastic actions. Khi rơi vào tình huống tuyệt vọng bạn cần những hành động mạnh mẽ quyết liệt
30. Elvis has left the building
The show has come to an end. It’s all over. Giờ diễn đã hết, hạ màn
31. Every cloud has a silver lining
Be optimistic, even difficult times will lead to better days. Trong tình huống khó khăn nào cũng có hy vọng sẽ đến ngày tươi sáng
32. Far cry from
Very different from. Rất khác so với cái gì đó
33. Feel a bit under the weather
Feeling slightly ill. cảm thấy hơi ốm
34. Give the benefit of the doubt
Believe someone’s statement, without proof. Nghi ngờ ai đó dù không có bằng chứng
35. Hear it on the grapevine
This idiom means ‘to hear rumors’ about something or someone. nghe tin đồn đại về ai đó
36. Hit the nail on the head
Do or say something exactly right Nói trúng phóc, làm trúng phóc
37. Hit the sack / sheets / hay
To go to bed. Đi ngủ
38. In the heat of the moment
Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment. Trong lúc nóng giận
39. It takes two to tango
Actions or communications need more than one person Một bàn tay không vỗ nên tiếng kêu. Một buổi trò chuyện hay một hành động cần nhiều hơn một người.
40. Jump on the bandwagon
Join a popular trend or activity. Gia nhập xu hướng hay cuộc chơi
41. Keep something at bay
prevent someone or something from approaching or having an effect. Ngăn ai hay cái gì tiếp cận được hoặc gây tác động
42. Kill two birds with one stone
This idiom means, to accomplish two different things at the same time. Một mũi tên trúng hai đích
43. Last straw
The final problem in a series of problems. Nút thắt cuối cùng
44. Let sleeping dogs lie
avoid interfering in a situation that is currently causing no problems but might do so as a result of such interference. Tránh can thiệp vào một tình huống mà hiện tại chưa gây hậu quả gì nhưng nếu can thiệp vào thì có thể gây ra kết quả xấu
45. Let the cat out of the bag
To share information that was previously concealed Chia sẻ thông tin mà ai cũng biết rồi
46. Make a long story short
Come to the point – leave out details Không lòng vòng, tiếp cận ngay vấn đề chính
47. Method to my madness
There is often a plan behind a person’s apparently inexplicable behavior.

Luôn có một kế hoạch đằng sau vẻ khó hiểu của một ai đó
48. Miss the boat
This idiom is used to say that someone missed his or her chance Vuột mất cơ hội
49. On the ball
When someone understands the situation well. Khi một người hoàn toàn hiểu vấn đề
50. Once in a blue moon
Meaning: Happens very rarely. Nghìn năm có một



Đừng hiểu sai ý tôi ----> Don't get me wrong

Chuyện đã qua rồi ----> It's over

Sounds fun! Let's give it a try! ----> Nghe có vẻ hay đấy, ta thử nó (vật) xem sao

Nothing's happened yet ----> Chả thấy gì xảy ra cả

That's strange! ----> Lạ thật

I'm in no mood for ... ----> Tôi không còn tâm trạng nào để mà ... đâu

Here comes everybody else ---> Mọi người đã tới nơi rồi kìa

What nonsense! ----> Thật là ngớ ngẩn!

Suit yourself ----> Tuỳ bạn thôi

What a thrill! ----> Thật là li kì

As long as you're here, could you ... ----> Chừng nào bạn còn ở đây, phiền bạn ...

I'm on my way home ----> Tội đang trên đường về nhà

About a (third) as strong as usual ----> Chỉ khoảng (1/3) so với mọi khi (nói về chất lượng)

What on earth is this? ----> Cái quái gì thế này?

What a dope! ----> Thật là nực cười!

What a miserable guy! ----> Thật là thảm hại

You haven't changed a bit! ----> Trông ông vẫn còn phong độ chán!

I'll show it off to everybody ----> Để tôi đem nó đi khoe với mọi người (đồ vật)

You played a prank on me. Wait! ----> Ông dám đùa với tui à. Đứng lại mau!

Enough is enough! ----> Đủ rồi đấy nhé!

Let's see which of us can hold out longer ----> Để xem ai chịu ai nhé

Your jokes are always witty ----> Anh đùa dí dỏm thật đấy

Life is tough! ----> Cuộc sống thật là phức tạp ^^

No matter what, ... ----> Bằng mọi giá, ...

What a piece of work! ----> Thật là chán cho ông quá! (hoặc thật là một kẻ vô phương cứu chữa)

What I'm going to take! ----> Nặng quá, không xách nổi nữa

Please help yourself ----> Bạn cứ tự nhiên

Just sit here, ... ----> Cứ như thế này mãi thì ...

No means no! ----> Đã bảo không là không!



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